Mabda'a shaqada ee wareejinta sahayda korontada + falanqaynta jaantuska wareegga

1. Dulmar guud oo ku saabsan Beddelka Korontada

Korontada beddeleysawaa qalab beddelka tamarta korantada oo soo noqnoqota oo sarreeya, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan beddelka korontada ama beddelka beddelka. Waxay u beddeshaa danabka wax-soo-gelinta ee signalada garaaca wadnaha oo sarreeya iyada oo loo marayo tuubo beddelaad xawaare sare leh, ka dibna tamarta korantada ka beddeleysa nooc kale iyada oo loo marayo habayntatransformer, wareegtada hagaajinta iyo wareegga shaandhaynta, oo ugu dambeyntii hela koronto yar oo DC ah oo deggan.

Beddelka sahayda korantada waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinka waxtarka sare leh, xasilloonida wanaagsan, cabbirka yar, miisaanka fudud, kalsoonida sare, waxaana lagu hagaajin karaa baahida qalabka kala duwan.

Korontada wareejinta ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalay dhinacyo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan automation warshadaha, isgaarsiinta iyo tamarta cusub. Marka la eego automation-ka warshadaha, sahayda korantada ee wareejinta waxay siisaa taageero awoodeed oo xasilan oo loogu talagalay qalabyada kala duwan ee otomaatiga ah si loo hubiyo waxqabadka hufan oo xasilloon ee qalabka.

Dhinaca isgaarsiinta, sahayda wareejinta ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa saldhigga saldhigga wireless, qalabka shabakadda, iwm, si loo hubiyo xasilloonida gudbinta calaamadaha ee nidaamka isgaarsiinta iyo hagaajinta tayada isgaarsiinta. Dhinaca tamarta cusub, beddelidda sahayda tamarta ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaarta nidaamyada tamarta qoraxda iyo dabaysha, taas oo gacan ka geysanaysa isticmaalka waxtarka leh ee tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo.

Korontada beddesha waxay qiyaas ahaan ka kooban tahay afar qaybood oo waaweyn: wareegga wax gelinta, beddelaha, wareegga xakamaynta, iyo wareegga wax soo saarka. Kuwa soo socdaa waa jaantuska caadiga ah ee sahayda korantada wareejinta, haynta waxaa muhiim inoo ah inaan fahanno sahayda wareejinta.

2. Kala-soocidda sahayda tamarta beddelka ah

Beddelka sahayda korontada waxaa loo kala saari karaa iyadoo loo eegayo heerarka kala soocida ee kala duwan. Kuwa soo socda ayaa ah dhowr habab kala saarid caadi ah:

1. Kala soocida nooca awooda galinta:
AC-DC beddelka sahayda korontadu: waxay awoodda AC u beddeshaa awoodda DC.
Awoodda korantada ee DC-DC waxay u beddeshaa koronto kale oo DC ah.

2. Kala soocida qaabka shaqada:
Korontada wareejinta hal-dhamaadka ah: waxay leedahay hal tuubo oo wareejin ah, oo ku habboon codsiyada tamarta yar.
Korontada wareejinta laba-dhamaadka ah: waxay leedahay laba tuubbo oo wareejin ah, oo ku habboon codsiyada tamarta sare leh.

3. Kala soocida topology:
Marka loo eego topology-ga, waxa loo qaybin karaa qiyaas ahaan Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, Flyback, Forward, Two Transistor Forward, Push-Pull, Buundada Half, Buundada Buuxa, iwm. Hababka kala soocida ayaa qayb ka ah oo kaliya. Beddelka sahayda korontada sidoo kale waxaa loo kala saari karaa si faahfaahsan iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudaha iyo codsiyada kale ee gaarka ah.

Marka xigta, waxaan soo bandhigi doonaa Flyback iyo Forward oo inta badan la isticmaalo. Hore-u-socod iyo dib-u-dhac waa laba teknooloji koronto beddelasho oo kala duwan. Korontada wareejinta hore waxa loola jeedaa sahayda korantada beddeleysa ee adeegsata koronto-dhaliyaha hore ee soo noqnoqda si uu u go'doomiyo tamarta isku xidhan, iyo sahayda korontada dib-u-celinta ee u dhiganta waa sahay koronto beddeleysa.

2.1 Korantada hore u wareejinta

Korontada beddelka hore ee qaab-dhismeedka waa mid aad u adag, laakiin awoodda wax-soo-saarka ayaa ah mid aad u sarreeya, oo ku habboon 100W-300W beddelka tamarta, guud ahaan loo isticmaalo koronto-yar-yar, koronto-wareejin-sare oo hadda ah, oo si ballaaran loo isticmaalo.

Sida ku cad shaxanka hoose, korantada hore ee wareejinta si gaar ah marka tuubada wareejinta la shido, Transformer-ka wax soo saarku wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii dhexdhexaad si toos ah ugu xidhan tamarta goobta magnetic, tamarta korantada iyo tamarta birlabeedka ayaa loo beddelaa midba midka kale, si gelinta iyo soo saarista isku mar.

Waxa kale oo jira cillado ku jira codsiga maalinlaha ah: sida baahida loo qabo in la kordhiyo dabaylaha dambe ee suurtagalka ah (si looga hortago transformer gariiradda aasaasiga ah ee ay dhaliso awoodda dambe ee burburka tuubada wareejinta), labaad wax ka badan hal inductor ee shaandhaynta kaydinta tamarta, sidaas darteed Marka la barbardhigo sahayda korontadu wareegeyso, qiimihiisu waa ka badan yahay, horayna u beddelashada korontadu mugga beddelka korontadu waa ka weyn yahay.

Korontada beddelidda hore

2.2 Korontada beddeleysa Flyback

Sida shaxanka hoose ku cad, sahayda korontadu dib-u-soo-celinta waxa loola jeedaa sahayda korantada ee adeegsata koronto-dhaliyaha sare ee dib-u-soo-celinta si loo go'doomiyo wareegyada wax-gelinta iyo soo-saarka. Transformer-keedu ma aha oo kaliya inuu ciyaaro doorka beddelidda danab si uu tamarta u gudbiyo, laakiin sidoo kale wuxuu ciyaaraa doorka kaydinta tamarta. Sidaa darteed, Transformer-ka duulista wuxuu la mid yahay naqshadda inductor. Dhammaan wareegyada waa kuwo fudud oo sahlan in la xakameeyo. Flyback waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa codsiyada tamarta yar ee 5W-100W.

Korontada dib-u-soo-baxa, marka tuubbada shidista la shido, hadda inductor-ka aasaasiga ah ee beddelka ayaa kor u kaca. Maadaama gariiradda wax soo saarka ee wareegga duulista ay leedahay darafyo iska soo horjeeda, diode-ka wax-soo-saarka waa dansan yahay, taransfooriyuhu waxa uu kaydiyaa tamar, culayskana waxa tamar ku keena capacitor-ka wax-soo-saarka. Marka tubbada furaha la damiyo, korontada inductive inductor-ka aasaasiga ah ayaa rogaal celisa. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, diode-ka wax soo saarka ayaa daaran, tamarta beddelka ayaa la siinayaa culeyska iyada oo loo marayo diode, iyada oo ku dallacaadda capacitor.

Korontada beddeleysa duullimaadyada

Marka la barbardhigo, waxaa la arki karaa in isbeddelka kicinta hore uu leeyahay oo kaliya shaqada beddelka, iyo dhammaan waxaa loo arki karaa sida wareegga buck oo leh transformer. Transformer-ka Flyback waxaa loo tixgalin karaa inuu yahay inductor leh shaqo beddelka, waa wareeg-kordhinta wareegga. Guud ahaan, mabda'a shaqada ee duulista hore waa ka duwan yahay, hore waa shaqada aasaasiga ah ee shaqada labaad, ka labaad kuma shaqeeyo inductor hadda si loo cusboonaysiiyo hadda, guud ahaan qaabka CCM.

Cunsurka awooddu guud ahaan ma sarreeyo, gelinta iyo soo saarista iyo wareegga xilka doorsoomayaa waa saami. Flyback waa shaqada aasaasiga ah, heerka labaad ma shaqeeyo, labada dhinacba si madaxbannaan, guud ahaan qaabka DCM, laakiin inductance of transformer ayaa noqon doona mid yar, iyo baahida loo qabo in lagu daro farqiga hawada, sidaas caadi ahaan ku haboon awood yar iyo dhexdhexaad ah.

Transformer-ka hore waa mid ku habboon, ma jirto kayd tamar, laakiin sababtoo ah kicinta kicinta ayaa ah qiime xaddidan, hadda kicinta ayaa ka dhigaysa xuddunta inay noqoto mid weyn, si looga fogaado qulqulka qulqulka, isbeddelku wuxuu u baahan yahay dabeylo kaabayaal ah dib u habeynta qulqulka.

Transformer-ka Flyback waxaa loo arki karaa inuu yahay nooc ka mid ah inductance la isku daray, inductance kaydinta tamarta ugu horreysa ka dibna la sii daayo, sababtoo ah soo gelinta transformer-ka iyo wax soo saarka ee ka soo horjeeda polarity, markaa marka tuubada beddelka la gooyo, heerka labaad ayaa bixin karaxudunta magneticoo leh koronto dib-u-dejin ah, sidaas darteedna beddelka duuliyaha uma baahna inuu ku daro dabeylo dib-u-dejineed oo dheeri ah.